Religious Nationalism

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"A nation without a religion - that is like a man without breath."

Religious Nationalism is an ideology that incorporates religion into nationalism. It seeks to use a shared religion to unite people under a national identity. It typically holds reactionary and intolerant views towards members of other religions, but not always. Religious nationalism is compatible with practically any religion, including Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, etc.

History and Variants

Ideologically driven religious nationalism may not necessarily be directed against other religions but may be formulated in response to modernity and, in particular, as secular. The imbalance between religious and political aspects and, by appealing to national feelings, such as Islamic identity, as has often been the case in Pakistan and Indonesia, can lead to regional tensions.

In general, many types of nationalism carry religious aspects, but as a marker of group identity, not as an intrinsic motivation for nationalist claims.

Christian Nationalism

Christian nationalists are more focused on domestic politics, such as passing laws that reflect their view of Christianity. Characteristic radical forms of religious or church nationalism appeared on the political field in various European countries, especially during the interwar period in the first half of the 20th century.

In Europe, one of the most radical forms of Christian religious nationalism was Christoslavism, the belief that the Slavs can be exclusively Christians, and if they abandon this religion, they cease to be Slavs.Christoslavism was used as an ideological justification for the persecution (as well as eventual genocide) of Bosniaks during the Yugoslav wars.

In Russia, it is characterized by a common belonging to Orthodoxy. Many Russian neo-Nazi movements, such as Russian National Unity, are calling for an increased role for the Russian Orthodox Church.

Christian Right

The Christian right, or Christian Conservatism, is a political coalition of factions that are characterized by their strong support of Traditionalism, Christian Ethics, and National Conservatism. Christian conservatives seek to influence politics and public policy with their interpretation of the teachings of Christianity.

In the United States, the Christian right is an informal coalition formed around a core of largely conservative evangelical Protestants and Roman Catholics. The Christian right draws additional support from other politically conservative Christians, such as Orthodox Christians and Latter Day Saints (Mormons). The movement has its roots in American politics going back as far as the 1940s; it has been especially influential since the 1970s. Its influence draws from grassroots activism as well as from a focus on social issues and the ability to motivate the electorate around those issues.

The Christian right is notable for advancing socially conservative positions on issues such as support for school prayer, intelligent design, temperance and Sunday Sabbatarianism, as well as opposition to embryonic stem cell research, separation of church and state, LGBT+ rights, sex education, abortion, and pornography.

Cultural Christianity

Cultural Christianity is a form of secularism that adheres to Christian values and appreciates Christian culture while being nontheistic. It's also referred to as Christian atheism or Christian agnosticism. This kind of identification may be due to various factors, such as family background, personal experiences, and the social and cultural environment in which they grew up.

National Catholicism

National Catholicism was part of Francoism, it emphasized Church-State Unity. In wider sense, the name is applied to movements mixing nationalism with Catholicism, thus being a sub-group of Christian Nationalism. The idea most often appears in Catholic countries, with its supporters often highlighting religion's role in country's history as well as portray it as important force uniting the nation.

As for theological justification of the view, National Catholics often point out the Fourth Commandment ("Honour thy father and thy mother."), stating that it creates order of love, meaning that while one has to love everyone, they can love their nation more than others and help it before helping the others.

National Catholicism was integral part of Salazar's as well as Dollfuß's regime. In 20s it also became element of National Democracy and its more radical offspring - National Radicalism. Besides Franco, the idea was also adopted by Carlists. In Americas National Catholic ideas influenced many movements like: Nacionalismo and Brazilian Integralism (though many of them are also categorized as Clerical Fascist).

Nowadays, National Catholicism can be found in contemporary Action Française and various neo-Francoist movements. In Poland, groups like National Revival of Poland use slogans such as "Wielka Polska Katolicka (Great Catholic Poland) and protest (often violently) against the legalization of same-sex marriage and abortion.

Islamic Nationalism

For a variant applied to Indonesia see: Pancasila

According to the two-nation theory, Pakistani nationalism is very closely related to the Muslim heritage, the religion of Islam and Pan-Islamism. It is also associated with awareness as well as the expression of religious and ethnic influences that help shape national identity.

The Iranian Revolution marks the beginning of Shia and Persian nationalism. Ayatollah Khomeini's anti-American, anti-communist and anti-Zionist views attract several European far-right movements (notably revolutionary nationalists) but worry the international community.

Many religious nationalist groups in the Middle East are supported by Iran, in order to prevent Israel from establishing a strong dominance in the region.

Hamas is now a strong ally of Iran against Israel, although they have clashed in the past during Syrian Civil War and Yemeni Civil War. PIJ is also one of the leading religious nationalist groups in cooperation with Iran. Saudi Arabia has supported some alternative groups like FSA, as part of its proxy war with Iran.

Millî Görüş

Millî Görüş (meaning National Vision) is an Islamist socio-political movement inspired by former prime minister of Turkey, Necmettin Erbakan. It advocates that Turkey can develop with its own human and economic power by protecting its core values, trust in God and rivaling the West. He wants to eliminate interest rates (Because it's haram.) and create a economy based on a Islamic concept of Sadaqah.

The ideology of the movement is currently adopted by New Welfare Party and Felicity Party. Justice and Development Party and people such as Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Abdullah Gül have roots in this movement.

Hindu Nationalism

Main article: Hindutva

Pagan Nationalism

Paganism resurfaces as a topic of fascination in 18th to 19th-century Romanticism, in particular in the context of the literary Viking revivals, which portrayed historical Celtic, Slavic and Germanic polytheists as noble savages. Romanticist interest in non-classical antiquity coincided with the rise of Romantic nationalism and the rise of the nation state in the context of the 1848 revolutions, leading to the creation of national epics and national myths for the various newly formed states. Pagan or folkloric topics were also common in the musical nationalism of the period. Germanic occultism and neopaganism emerged in the early 20th Century and became influential, with beliefs such as Ariosophy, combining with the far-right Völkisch movement which eventually culminated in Nazism. Post-WWII continuations of similar beliefs have given rise to the Wotansvolk, a white nationalist neopagan movement, in the late 20th Century.


Buddhist Nationalism

In the context of Myanmar’s political opening since March 2011, Buddhist activism has made headlines over the past two years due to outbreaks of communal violence across the country marked by religious differences, notably anti-Muslim, that threaten to derail Myanmar’s once-promising transition. Many see a connection between these violent episodes and the rise of new Buddhist networks and organizations, including the 969 movement and the Patriotic Association of Myanmar. [13]

Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism is influenced by Sinhalese Buddhist mytho-history that was deployed by monks and politicians in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries to assert that Sri Lanka is the designated sanctuary for Theravada Buddhism, belongs to Sinhalese Buddhists, and Tamils and others live there only due to Sinhalese Buddhist sufferance. This ideology has enabled majority superordination, minority subordination, and a separatist war waged by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). [14]

Jewish Nationalism

Main article: Religious Zionism

National Mysticism

National Mysticism is a nationalist ideology which has a "mystical" view of the nation. It sees the nation as a "higher being" and it is given a God-like status. This concept has its origins in the beliefs of Johann Gottlieb Fichte, but similar viewpoints can also be found in certain pre-modern civilizations. The ideology places strong emphasis on the national mythos, sometimes even including Pseudo-Historic ideas.

Relationships

Faithful patriots

Frenemies

Godless globalists

Further Information

Texts

Wikipedia

Videos

Gallery

Citations

  1. In terms of implementing Christian-based 'moral values'.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dveri#Political_positions
  3. https://nikh.gr/theseis/oikonomia/9-perivallon
  4. https://nikh.gr/arthra/arthra-nikis/1857-kypros-e-martyrike-kypros-e-ellenike-den-xechno
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/ted-cruz-libertarian-218687
  6. "Abortion is child sacrifice.
  7. "Criminalize abortion by giving the death penalty to anyone who, with malice and forethought, murders, or helps to murder a baby in the womb, and abortion will be nearly completely eradicated in this country over night."
  8. 8.0 8.1 [https://x.com/haymes_joshua/status/1849586953362018699?t=Q5M8f8Z0kHBIGFUYvnlHzQ&s=19 "Our founders would never have imagined that our once great country founded by Christians specifically for the freedom to exercise the Christian faith… could so quickly degenerate into a humanistic, hedonistic, multicultural, globalistic, baby murdering, child tranzing, egalitarian hellscape.]
  9. "Everyone knows deep in their bones that homosexuality is disordered. Christians & Non-Christians alike are innately repulsed by homosexual activity.
  10. [https://archive.ph/YGDvd "Thus, I am not against gay marriage. I am against the federal government attempting to redefine an institution that God himself created and regulates through his Word. Roe v Wade is down, Obergefell is next."]
  11. "So go vote for Trump. Oppose tyranny. Trust God. And walk in faith.
  12. As a child, Pope Benedict XVI was a member of the Hitler Youth when he was still Joseph Alois Ratzinger
  13. https://www.politics.ox.ac.uk/research-projects/understanding-buddhist-nationalism-in-myanmar-religion-gender-identity-and-conflict-in-a-political-transition.html
  14. https://www.eastwestcenter.org/publications/sinhalese-buddhist-nationalist-ideology-implications-politics-and-conflict-resolution-s

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