Carlism
Carlism, is a culturally traditionalist and legitimist political movement in Spain aimed at establishing an alternative branch of the Bourbon Dynasty with Don Carlos, Count of Molina as Head with the name of Carlos V on the Spanish Throne. The movement was founded in consequence of a dispute over the succession laws and widespread dissatisfaction with Alfonsism. They are against Progressivism as they are against clergy and are accused of being Freemasons. Carlism through years, had several offsprings but still, the majority follows this Carlism form.
History
It appeared in 1833 being in opposition with Alfonsism as it was very reformist. First of all because it let Isabel II be queen instead of the brother of Fernando VII, Don Carlos. Carlism is a counter-revolutionary movement which is opposed to Enlightenment, Jacobinism, Laicism, Egalitarianism and almost every one who are offspring of them. Their story starts in 1833 when the First Carlist War (1833-1876) started and after a failed war, there were Carlist uprisings in Catalonia and in a smaller scale in Galicia called by someone as the Second Carlist War (1847-1849) which tried to install Carlos VI (Son of Carlos V) as king. Between those two wars, there were in the Affair of the Spanish Marriages (1846) which were intrigues between France, Spain and United Kingdom relating with the ~~usurpator~~ Isabel II and her sister infanta Luisa Fernanda. After several failed wars and pronunciamientos, Spain faced "La Gloriosa", a progressivist revolution which made Isabella II escape from Spain, due to that, Carlism under Carlos VII became the main opposition n the politics as they were supported by the catholic and conservatists, after 4 years, they tried to seize power again in the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), After that loss of prestige and fall of Isabella II, a lot of Isabelline Conservatives and the support of Pius IX, after that they were under a "peace" from 1868 to 1936. They were the most organized right-wing opposition group. After the defeat of the Third Carlist War, a group lead by Aljandro Pidal left Carlism to form a moderate, non dynastic Catholic party, after, emerged with the conservatived of Antopnio Cánovas del Castillo. Of course, Carlism always been in a sort of martial action as they were strongly opposed to the liberal forms, still Cándido Nocedal reorganization of the party with the help of the press, later the Pope Leo XIII published Cum Multa to moderate it. Still this radicalization made Carlos VII to expel Ramón Nocedal, Cándido's son, which thus made them to create the Integralist Party. Meanwhile, Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa built up a modern mass party centered around the Circulos and were against the political action of Restoration, even leading to participate in 1907 in a coalition with regionalists and republicans. Juan Vazquez de Mella was the most important parliamentarian leader and ideologue from 1893 to 1918, which with Víctor Pradera, they had a great influence in the conservative thinking. Great War had an influence in Carlism and the pretendent Jaime I, which had ties with the Russian Imperial Family as he lived in Poland. Franz Josef, emperor of Austria-Hungary managed to make no communication with the politics in Spain. After this crise, it made Vázquez de Mella with his followers called Mellists to leave the party. In 1920, Carlism helped to flourish Sindicatos Libres, Catholic Labor Unions to counter with the leftist trade union and have a balance of interests for the upper and worker class. Under the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera
